The additive – used to whiten and brighten products like cake icing, sweets, white sauces, medicine and cosmetics – was found to contain titanium dioxide nanoparticles, which according to research by the European Food and Safety Authority – have the potential to cause DNA damage. EU member states have since agreed to ban E171 from next year as a result of the EFSA’s findings. The bans follow one imposed by France after research found that titanium dioxide may cause pre-cancerous lesions in lab rats.