Diarrhoea: Types, symptoms and causes

Enteric (typhoid) fever is in the spotlight, and can often be mistaken for Diarrhoea and Gastroenteritis – which is fairly common during the warm summer months. The two illnesses share similar symptoms and the way it is transferred. The major difference between the two is that Enteric (Typhoid) Fever is caused by a bacteria called Salmonella Typhi, and Diarrhoea is caused by viruses. According to Dr Jaco Murray, the Head of Paediatrics at Paarl hospital says,”Typhoid fever can be seen as a severe type of diarrhoea, where you get other symptoms not usually associated with normal viral diarrhoea.“

What Is Enteric (Typhoid) Fever?

It is caused by a bacterium called Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A,B or C. It is most common in areas where sanitation is poor. Diarrhoea can also be a symptom of Enteric Fever. Symptoms can appear as early as 3 days to as late as 60 days after exposure to the bacteria. Symptoms include:

Feeling unwell in general
Abdominal pain or cramps
Nausea and vomiting
Blood in the stool
Constipation or diarrhoea
Fever
Headache
A rash on the stomach
Dry cough

READ MORE: Typhoid Cases Not Linked To Water

What Is Diarrhoea?

Caused by viruses, the condition ca occur amongst adults, although the effects are more severe and common amongst babies and children. If a child loses too much water, it can prove detrimental. According to Dr Murray, diarrhoea is more common in the summer months, and the department of Health monitors the Paediatric Surge Season which ranges from November to May. Symptoms are:

Fast breathing or chest in-drawing – DON’T WAIT
Runny tummy or vomits
Can’t drink or hold food down
Experiences fits, is weak and stares blankly
Blood in stools

When there are danger signs then take the child to the clinic ASAP!

How can Enteric (Typhoid) Fever and Diarrhoea be Prevented?

Maintain good hygiene in the kitchen, especially when handling and preparing food.
Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
Make sure that water is safe to drink.
Avoid water that may be polluted with sewage or contaminated.
Keep food covered and away from flies.
Safely dispose of human stool and nappies.
Children should receive the rotavirus vaccine at 6- and 14 weeks of age.

Find your closest clinic from the Western Cape Department of Health.